When viewing capital punishment in light of retributive...

When viewing capital punishment in light of retributive justice, Kants Respect for Persons ethics can be applied in order to uphold the retentionist argument. Capital punishment continues to be a growing controversial topic in society and is an important ethical dilemma to discuss. It can most prominently be supported by Kants Respect for Persons ethics which when applied to the practice of capital punishment implies that it is morally acceptable in the sense that it gives people what they deserve. Additionally, despite consistent arguments by those who oppose capital punishment, the death penalty appears to be the most practical practice of punishment granted certain conditions. Before addressing the dilemma of capital punishment†¦show more content†¦Additionally, capital punishment and how it is practiced has been greatly shaped by several Supreme Court rulings. In the 1972 case of Furman v. Georgia, it was determined that the death penalty sentencing as it was then carried out violated due process rights and was considered cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment, and in 1976 it was decided that state laws that mandated the death penalty for all first-degree murders were ruled unconstitutional. Perhaps one of the most important court cases regarding capital punishment is the 1976 case of Gregg v. Georgia, which reinstated the death penalty, making it acceptable as long as the sentencing process is reasonable. This Supreme Court ruling also developed an important two-staged process for appropriate death penalty sentencing with the determination of guilt or innocence being decided in the first stage and if found guilty, a second stage follows which involves a kind of mini-trial for sentencing options which weigh the aggravating and mitigating circumstances of the crime. Executing mentally retarded people was ruled cruel and unusual punishment and therefore unconstitutional by the Court in 2002, and in 2005 the Court made capital punishment for juvenile offenders illegal. Furthermore, other Supreme Court cases have ruled that capital punishment may only be imposed when it is reasonably

Reporting Verbs for English Language Learners

Reporting verbs are verbs that serve to report what someone else has said. Reporting verbs are different than the reported speech in that they are used to paraphrase what someone has said. Reported speech is used when reporting exactly what someone has said. To do this, use  say and tell. John told me he was going to stay late at work.Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years. Peter said he wanted to visit his parents that weekend.My friend said he would finish his work soon. Other verbs used with reported speech include mention and comment. Here are some examples: Tom mentioned he enjoyed playing tennis.Alice mentioned she could take care of the kids this weekend. The teacher commented the students werent getting their homework done on time.The man commented he felt tired after such a long journey. When using reported speech, change the verb used by the original speaker to match your usage. In other words, if you report using said, you need to move everything back one step into the past. There are also pronoun changes and time cue changes that need to be made as appropriate in reported speech.   I like playing tennis. - Tom mentioned he liked playing tennis.  I have lived in Berlin for ten years. - Jennifer told Peter she had lived in Berlin for ten years.   Say and tell are the most common reporting verbs used to report what others have said. However, there are a number of other reporting verbs which can more accurately describe what someone has said. These verbs take a variety of structures that differ from reported speech. For example: Original Statement I will come to your party. I promise. Reported Speech He said he would come to my party. Reporting Verb He promised to come to my party. In this example, reported speech changes the original verb to would as well as changing the possessive pronoun your to my. In contrast, the reporting verb promise is simply followed by the infinitive. There are a number of formulas used with reporting verbs. Use the chart below to identify the structure required.   The following list gives you reporting verbs in various categories based on sentence structure. Note that a number of verbs can take more than one form. verb object infinitive verb infinitive verb (that) verb gerund verb object preposition gerund verb preposition gerund adviseencourageinviteremindwarn agreedecideofferpromiserefusethreaten admitagreedecidedenyexplaininsistpromiserecommendsuggest denyrecommendsuggest accuseblamecongratulate apologizeinsist Examples:Jack encouraged me to look for a new job.They invited all their friends to attend the presentation.Bob warned his friend not to open the can of worms.I advised the students to study carefully for the test. Examples:She offered to give him a lift to work.My brother refused to take no for an answer.Mary decided to attend university.He threatened to sue the company. Examples:Tom admitted (that) he had tried to leave early.She agreed (that) we needed to reconsider our plans.The teacher insisted that he didnt give enough homework.Our manager suggested we take some time off work. Examples:He denied having anything to do with her.Ken suggested studying early in the morning.Alice recommends playing golf in Bend, Oregon. Examples:They accused the boys of cheating on the exam.She blamed her husband for missing the train.The mother congratulated her daughter on graduating from college. Examples:He apologized for being late.She insisted on doing the washing up.Peter apologized for interrupting the meeting. For more information on reported speech, this overview of  reported speech  provides a guide on which transformations are required to use the form. Practice using this form with the  reported speech worksheet   that provides a quick review and exercise. Theres also a  reported speech quiz  which provides immediate feedback on correct or incorrect answers. Teachers can use this guide on  how to teach reported speech  for help introducing the reported speech, as well as a  reported speech lesson plan  and other resources.

Trophic Cascade Essay Example

Essays on Trophic Cascade Essay The paper "Trophic Cascade" is an outstanding example of an essay on environmental studies. A trophic cascade is a profound concept relating to ecology. It begins at the top of the food chain and goes all the way to the bottom. An example is when wolves were introduced in Yellowstone National Park in 1995 because wolves often kill other species in order to eat them and those species have eaten other species that are smaller than them. It is all in regards to the food chain and the roles of predator and prey. However, they also give life to many others.   The number of deer increasing before 1995 occurred in Yellowstone National Park because wolves had been out of that habitat for over 70 years. The deer had continued to reproduce and there were not enough other species above them on the food chain. Because of this, the population of the deer increased and they had eaten much of the vegetation. The wolves killed some of the deer but then also changed the behavior of the deer and the places that had lost vegetation started to revive because the wolves had changed them out of that area. The bears also began to kill the baby deer. The wolves changed the course of the river because there was less erosion. More pools formed. The regenerated forest helped to stabilize the banks of the rivers so that there was less erosion and did not collapse. Because of this, the flow of the river was much more on its steady course. The following is a food web of Yellowstone National Park. It includes the roles of each species after the wolves were release d back into the park after 70 years. In order to stabilize the ecosystem in the UAE, wild hyenas were reintroduced. The rare animal was endangered and one female was found on Sir Bani Yas Island. Seeing the female had a young litter, it was obvious that there was a male too though it was not found. The young were raised in captivity. They were then relocated back to the island in 2008 in order to control the population of antelopes and gazelles because the other top predator on the island was the cheetah. Hyenas feed on the carcasses too so if there happened to be an antelope or gazelle that had fallen sick, the hyenas would be able to prey on these animals and continue to keep the population healthy by eliminating the sick animals from the island.

Strategic Information System for Business -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic Information System For Business? Answer: Introducation In the assignment regarding the strategic information systems, the attempt has been made to write the literature review on the usage, problems, historical development, and the adaptability of the software of accounting system application in Australia. At the same time attempt has been made for generalizing the discussion such as discussing the accounting softwares in general so that it can be used in any of the company. Nevertheless, here the topic is emphasized on the environment of the university (Barnett, et al., 2013). Hence, here the main focus is on the usage of the accounting softwares in the Australian Universities.In doing so, research has been conducted thoroughly over the topic.As per the given process of research mainly in the phase of the literature review efforts are put in the best way for using the examples of the business practice from scholarly journal papers, books, conferences, and the professional magazines for supporting the arguments that are given in the research (Beynon-Davies, 2013). The current organizational structure that is being followed the Australian University under consideration is highly hierarchical with varied degree of complexity at each of the hierarchical levels. The strategic information system that needs to be implemented needs to cater to all the functional modules of the University. The integrated approach to the information system requirement of the organization is the key to implementing a strategically viable SIS (Cai, 2014). There are several operational challenges that are currently the part of the all the problems faced by the university that dictates the need for the deployment of the strategic information system. Due to the hierarchical structure of the organizational structure that has well differentiated sets of functional requirement at each of the hierarchy levels, data consistency has always been a challenge (Goldberg, et al., 2014). For instance, the accounts related information that is maintained by the organization should ideally relate to the student details data that is maintained by the admissions department. Since the various operations that are being done on the same data set, managing the data inconsistencies is a huge challenge that is faced by the University system (Hinkelmann Pasquini, 2014, August). In the context of the University, the functional requirements that the strategic information system is expected to cater to revolves around the very fundamental organizational structure. As an implication of this, this nature of the system acquisition method that is to be employed needs to consider the various alternatives that are available in the form of commercial software, custom software and Enterprise resource planning system (ERP) (Horkoff, et al., 2014). In the university due to the fact that system would be accessed by a variety of system administrators and users, which in fact would be very specialized and context dependent. Moreover the size of the target users to the system would also play a vital role in the system acquisition methodology adopted in this case (Hovelja, Vasilecas Vavpotic, 2015). Considering all these factors in addition to the fact that due to the handling of a considerable amount of the sensitive data that would be handled by the various functional units of the organization, the use of an ERP system is recommended. The use of the ERP would be a preferable trade off from the cost vs. data security point of view. The use if the ERP would ensure that the veritably hierarchical system that is in place with regard to the organizational structure is preserved (Kasemsap, 2015). This would also enable the selective access and visibility to the various data sets to the users and module administrators. After the deployment of the intended strategic information system, there could be various challenges with regard to the control problems in the form of the handling and maintenance of the master data sets. This would require an elaborate and well implemented plan for the use of the various data sets in a manner that reduces the chances for data inconsistencies in future and could provide a proper resolution, if such condition does come up (Li, Hsieh Rai, 2013). With regard to the various frauds and other tampering that could be done to the system is the possibility of unauthorized access to the data on the system. While most of this would need the physical access to the concerned system module yet it is indeed possible to gain access using other maliciously intent means In the context of the business research for conducting the proper literature review, this stage of the review is of concern and has to adopt the correct methodology.Thefollowing figure gives the brief idea on how theliterature review is conducted and progressed further: It was explained by (Lu, et al., 2013) that it is actually necessary for continuing the search during the research process as it is the strengthening process. As the findings of this research will be weighed and judged with respect to the various other similar researches.Three successive movementshas been found in information technology as per views of (Mayeh, Ramayah Popa, 2014)which has made an attempt for handling the reality of the IT silos remarkably.The meaning of IT silos is that many diversified functionsof the business within the same organization or the company which have the tendency to work independently rather together and during that there are certain features which crawl in. In General Australian companies and in particular universities will not have any exceptions from these movements as the same thing was faced by them as it was common for all.It was mainly realized when there was a development of Bespoke accounting software. As a lot of calculation work is involved in the accounting occurrence of manual errors is quite common, sothe first step was kept forward in developing this software so that it becomes a paperless office and the automation in theorganizations and in the universities will be easy (Shapira, Gk Salehi, 2016). Soon, instead of using the tailor-made or bespoke software, universities started giving preference for using the shelf software like Peachtree and Tally. A lot of general things are included in accounting software so it was necessary for developing the accounting software that is standardized such as Tally and Peachtree. The advantage of using shelf software is that the companies can start using it after purchasing the licenses within a weeks time. For developing the Bespoke software, it took months, while the accounting software that is prepackaged took only 2 weeks for customization before it was bought for the full usage (Trad Kalpi?, 2014). This problem was due to the absence of the centrally defined core of the business intelligence which can define the business logic unambiguously. The accounting department will have their own view regarding certain processes, logic or the data so when there is a situation of exchange of information between the departments there are certain conflicts which arise.As there was an independent application developed in silos with respect to each department it was considered to be the root cause for thebroad integrity and the uniformity problems in the organization (Valentine Stewart, 2015, January). References Barnett, N.J., Parry, G., Saad, M., Newnes, L.B. and Goh, Y.M., 2013. Servitization: is a paradigm shift in the business model and service enterprise required?.Strategic Change,22(3?4), pp.145-156. Beynon-Davies, P., 2013.Business information systems. Palgrave Macmillan. Cai, C., 2014. Study on applying the computer network technology to construct the enterprise information system.BioTechnology: An Indian Journal,10(11). Goldberg, E.M., Sullivan, C.S., Goldwasser, B. and Braud, L.A., NetSuite Inc., 2014.Concise communication of real-time business information in an enterprise network. U.S. Patent 8,838,465. Hinkelmann, K. and Pasquini, A., 2014, August. Supporting Business and IT Alignment by Modeling Business and IT Strategy and Its Relations to Enterprise Architecture. InEnterprise Systems Conference (ES), 2014(pp. 149-154). IEEE. Horkoff, J., Barone, D., Jiang, L., Yu, E., Amyot, D., Borgida, A. and Mylopoulos, J., 2014. Strategic business modeling: representation and reasoning.Software Systems Modeling,13(3), pp.1015-1041. Hovelja, T., Vasilecas, O. and Vavpotic, D., 2015. Exploring the infulences of use of information system development methodologies elements on strategic business goals in enterprises.Technological and Economic Development of Economy. Kasemsap, K., 2015. The role of information system within enterprise architecture and their impact on business performance.Technology, innovation, and enterprise transformation, pp.262-284. Li, X., Hsieh, J.P.A. and Rai, A., 2013. Motivational differences across post-acceptance information system usage behaviors: An investigation in the business intelligence systems context.Information systems research,24(3), pp.659-682. Lu, Y., Panetto, H., Ni, Y. and Gu, X., 2013. Ontology alignment for networked enterprise information system interoperability in supply chain environment.International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,26(1-2), pp.140-151. Mayeh, M., Ramayah, T. and Popa, S., 2014. The Role of Absorptive Capacity in the Usage of a Complex Information System: The Case of the Enterprise Information System.J. UCS,20(6), pp.826-841. Shapira, P., Gk, A. and Salehi, F., 2016. Graphene enterprise: mapping innovation and business development in a strategic emerging technology.Journal of Nanoparticle Research,18(9), p.269. Trad, A. and Kalpi?, D., 2014. The Selection and Training Framework (STF) for Managers in Business Innovation Transformation Projects-Business enterprise architecture integration.Procedia Technology,16, pp.755-767. Valentine, E. and Stewart, G., 2015, January. Enterprise Business Technology Governance: Three Competencies to Build Board Digital Leadership Capability. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 4513-4522). IEEE.